Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 16

WHICH STATES
GRADE THEIR
SCHOOLS?
At least 17 states have
or are developing some
form of A-F grading system
for their schools. Proponents
say the format makes it easier
for the public to understand
where schools stand
academically. Critics say the
letter grades oversimplify the
picture of student success
and school quality.

MI*
IN

UT

AZ

SOURCE: Education
Commission of the States

A-F
grading takes
effect for Detroit public
schools in the 2017-2018
school year and will remain
in effect until replaced by
a statewide A-F system
to be created by the
legislature.

Passed
legislation in
2016 charging the
state board with
developing an A-F
system.

OH
WV

OK

NM

NC

TN*
AR*

SC*
MS

TX*

AL*

GA

LA
FL

A-F grading
takes effect for
the 2017-2018
school year.

ME

A-F
grading
system was paused
as of the 2016-17
school year, but
remains on the
books.

Alabama's
legislature in
2012 passed a law
that required its board to
issue letter grades by
2014, but the board
has yet do so.

Has
a "federal"
report card that
assigns A-F grades for
schools statewide, but
local report cards
do not.

Second Thoughts on A-F School Grading in Some States
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 1

if" set of grades was released by the
state department earlier this year
that ranked many of the state's wellrespected suburban districts as performing below average.
And a group of Louisiana superintendents who have long complained
about the state's A-F system are attempting to delay its ESSA accountability plan from being submitted to
the U.S. Department of Education.
They say they will create their own
accountability system if the state
superintendent moves forward with
one they say places their alreadyambitious A-F accountability system
"on steroids."
"Accountability needs to bring
gentle pressure to all of us," said
Hollis Milton, the superintendent
of the West Feliciana Parish schools
and the president of the Louisiana
Association of School Superintendents. "But when it becomes Draconian, it begins to affect morale."

Cautions Raised
Advocacy organizations such as
the Foundation for Excellence in
Education-founded by former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush-and Chiefs for
Change have urged states to hold
fast to A-F systems or other systems
that rank schools in an easy, understandable way for the public. Letter
grades in particular, they say, force
districts to pay attention to disparities between black and Latino students and their white peers and can
spark rapid change.
"States should have clear and
transparent summative-rating systems that are actionable for parents,

teachers, and other stakeholders in
communities and are clearly communicated for all stakeholders," said
Mike Magee, the CEO of Chiefs for
Change, which includes state and
district superintendents.
Any new overhauls of accountability systems in these states, officials
with the Foundation for Excellence
in Education have told state officials
during ESSA strategy sessions, will
result in a tipping point that would
reverse academic growth.

ESSA and School Report Cards
ESSA requires states to evaluate
schools based on English-language
proficiency, graduation rates, and
scores on statewide achievement
tests. They also must add at least
one new indicator of school quality
or student success, such as school
climate, chronic absenteeism, discipline, or college and career readiness. The law also requires statewide report cards to be issued on
an annual basis and to report more
information to the public, such as
per-pupil spending.
Governors and legislators, who
shoulder a growing share of education costs, often butt heads with
state education departments and
local officials on just how straightforward and transparent they're
being with the public about the academic status of their districts. And
parent groups and accountability
hawks have long complained that
slogging through more-traditional
state report cards filled with reams
of data, caveats, and online dropdown menus will give even the most
data-tolerant of education wonks a
pulsating headache.

16 | EDUCATION WEEK | March 8, 2017 | www.edweek.org

But as education departments
have begun to release the first
rounds of letter grades in recent
years, local officials-especially suburban superintendents-have taken
exception to the way the grades are
calculated. Such systems fail to convey the dynamics of all that goes
into a student's success, they argue,
and they take issue with the kinds
of data sometimes folded into the
grades.
To many district superintendents,
ESSA is a prime opportunity for
their education agencies to break
away from a corporate-style accountability movement in the past
decade that, in their view, led to
mass firings of teachers, state takeovers of schools, and swift administrative turnover with few academic
gains to show for it.
The A-F approach still has momentum in some places. Currently,
according to the Education Commission of the States, Georgia,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
and Washington have bills to introduce letter grades to their report cards.
Jim Justice, West Virginia's new
governor, laid out one rationale for
replacing those systems in his annual speech to legislators.
"Think about A through F for our
schools," he said. "We do it on a bell
curve. ... 'These get an A. These get
an F. All the big meat and potatoes
[schools] get a C.' And we call out
to the world and say, 'Come to West
Virginia. Our schools are mostly all
C's.' I don't get it. That's got to go."
In Louisiana, the state's accountability system has created a fissure
between the state chief and local superintendents.

John White, the appointed state
superintendent, has proposed raising the academic bar for schools in
order to receive an A on the state
report card, which has upset local
superintendents. They have pushed
for the state to wait until September to turn in its ESSA accountability plan instead of April. White's
department did not respond to a request for interviews.

Policy Splits
In some states, such as Alabama
and Texas, the first round of letter
grades has sparked a fierce backlash from local superintendents.
Alabama's legislature in 2012
ordered that by 2014 the education
department issue letter grades, but
the department has yet to do so.
The state board and state Superintendent Michael Sentance decided
late last year to give the public raw
information that would determine
the letter grades, but not the letter
grades themselves. Sentance told
local news media that he has seen
negative effects that letter grades
have had across the country.
Texas released preliminar y
grades on its website earlier this
school year, with a memo from
Mike Morath, the state chief that
said: "The ratings in this report
are for informational purposes
to meet a legislative requirement
and represent work-in-progress
models that are likely to change
before A-F ratings become effective in August 2018. No inferences
about official district or campus
performance in the 2015-16 school
year should be drawn from these
ratings, and these ratings should

not be considered predictors of
future district- or campus-performance ratings."
More than half of Texas' schools
got a C or lower in student achievement. More than 200 of the state's
superintendents quickly denounced
the grades as flawed, simplistic,
and demoralizing.
Debbie Gillespie, a school board
member of the Frisco Independent
district, a wealthy system outside
Dallas, said her district sent out
waves of communication to explain
that its C in the college- and careerreadiness category was based on
the district's absenteeism rate, not
the quality of its dual-enrollment or
Advanced Placement courses.
"Our grade is lower than what
the perception is," Gillespie said.
"We have outside forces telling
us that we're failing, and that's
not true. When you look at these
grades, it's meant to shame us.
We're not shameful. We're doing
great things."
Not every superintendent agrees.
Last week, the school board
of Comal Independent, a suburban district outside San Antonio,
passed a resolution in support of
the letter grades. That's despite the
two C's and two B's the district got
on its report card.
"I think the bottom line for us is,
we philosophically believe that accountability is a good thing," said
Kerry Gain, the district's assistant
superintendent for curriculum and
academic services. "We serve our
public school children, and we believe we should be held accountable
on whether or not they are learning. That could be a crazy stance,
but that's where we are."


http://www.edweek.org

Education Week - March 8, 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - March 8, 2017

Education Week - March 8, 2017
A-F School Rankings Draw Local Pushback
Federal Budgeting May Result In Cuts for K-12 Programs
DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: Ohio Eyes Repayment From E-Schools
Schools Are Falling Short For Many ELLs
News in Brief
Report Roundup
How Many Transgender Children Are There?
Ed Schools Use Video To Mentor Interns
After a Feud, Hard for Schools Chiefs And Boards to Make Up
Snapshot: Kindergarten-Ready
New Magazine Seeks ‘Civil Discourse’ on K-12
Trump Renews Push for School Choice, Specifics Scarce
Transition Update: Washington
Priscilla Wohlstetter, Darius R. Brown, & Megan Duff: Are States Up to the Task?
Sidney Trubowitz: Bring Democracy To Life in Our Schools
Alden S. Blodget: Teachers Without Borders
Letters
TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Lawrence Baines: The ‘Highly Qualified Teacher’ Lie
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Schools Are Falling Short For Many ELLs
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 2
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 3
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - News in Brief
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Report Roundup
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - How Many Transgender Children Are There?
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Ed Schools Use Video To Mentor Interns
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - After a Feud, Hard for Schools Chiefs And Boards to Make Up
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 9
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Snapshot: Kindergarten-Ready
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - New Magazine Seeks ‘Civil Discourse’ on K-12
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 12
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 13
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Trump Renews Push for School Choice, Specifics Scarce
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Transition Update: Washington
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 16
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 17
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Sidney Trubowitz: Bring Democracy To Life in Our Schools
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Alden S. Blodget: Teachers Without Borders
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Letters
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 21
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - 23
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - Lawrence Baines: The ‘Highly Qualified Teacher’ Lie
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - CW1
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - CW2
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - CW3
Education Week - March 8, 2017 - CW4
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