Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 17

GOVERNMENT & POLITICS

As Judge, High Court Pick
Faced Range of K-12 Issues
By Mark Walsh
Washington

Neil M. Gorsuch has confronted a wide
range of education issues as a federal appeals
court judge over the last 11 years, siding with
school authorities much of the time but with
some notable exceptions.
Gorsuch is President Donald J. Trump's
choice to fill the vacancy on the U.S. Supreme
Court created by the death of Antonin Scalia
last year.
"Judge Gorsuch has outstanding legal skills,
a brilliant mind, tremendous discipline, and has
earned bipartisan support," Trump said Jan. 31
in the East Room of the White House. "And his
academic credentials, something very important to me, in that education has always been a
priority, are as good as I have ever seen."
Gorsuch, 49, was born in Denver but moved to
the Washington suburbs and attended the elite
Georgetown Preparatory School in Bethesda,
Md., when his mother, Ann Gorsuch Burford,
was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to
lead the Environmental Protection Agency. She
resigned that post in 1983.
Gorsuch graduated from Columbia University in 1988 and from Harvard Law School in
1991. He earned a doctorate at Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar. He was a law clerk
to retired Justice Byron R. White, also a Colorado native, and also served Justice Anthony
M. Kennedy during the 1993-94 term of the
court. If confirmed, he would become the first
law clerk to join the court and serve alongside a
justice for whom he had clerked.
Gorsuch was a senior U.S. Department of Justice official when he was nominated to the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, in Denver,
by President George W. Bush in 2006.
Gorsuch, appearing with his wife, Louise, on a
dais with Trump, said the work of the Supreme
Court is "vital to the protection of the people's
liberties under law and to the continuity of our
Constitution, the greatest charter of human lib-

erty the world has ever known."
Gorsuch said that "when we judges don our
robes, it doesn't make us any smarter, but it
does serve as a reminder of what's expected of
us: Impartiality and independence, collegiality
and courage."
Gorsuch lives near Boulder, Colo., with his
wife and two teenage daughters, reportedly
on a large lot with horses, chickens, and goats.
When it comes to education, Gorsuch has
written or joined opinions in cases involving
school discipline, education finance, special
education, and school employee speech, among
others. Here is a look at some of his key education rulings:

Student Discipline
Last year, Gorsuch notably dissented from a
10th Circuit panel ruling that upheld a school
resource officer's arrest and handcuffing of a
New Mexico 7th grader for disrupting his class
with "fake burps."
The 2-1 panel majority in A.M. v. Holmes
ruled that the officer was immune from liability because it was not clearly established that
the student's classroom disruptions would
not be in violation of a New Mexico law that
prohibits interference with the "educational
process" at any public or private school. The
majority also upheld qualified immunity for
the officer regarding his use of handcuffs
when he took the 13-year-old to a juvenile
detention center.
In his dissent, Gorsuch wrote with a sense of
dismay that a student's classroom disruption
that would have once resulted in a trip to the
principal's office and detention was now leading
to the involvement of the police.
"And maybe today the officer decides that,
instead of just escorting the now-compliant
13-year-old to the principal's office, an arrest
would be a better idea," Gorsuch said. "So out
come the handcuffs and off goes the child to
juvenile detention. My colleagues suggest the
law permits exactly this option. ... Respectfully,
I remain unpersuaded."
Gorsuch added that the New Mexico courts

Carolyn Kaster/AP

Decade on federal bench

President Donald Trump announces Judge Neil M. Gorsuch as his nominee for the U.S. Supreme
Court. Gorsuch, a federal appeals court judge in Denver, stands with his wife, Louise.

had "long ago alerted law enforcement that
the statutory language on which the officer
relied for the arrest in this case does not
criminalize noises or diversions that merely
'disturb the peace or good order' of individual
classes."
"Respectfully, I would have thought this authority sufficient to alert any reasonable officer in this case that arresting a now compliant
class clown for burping was going a step too far,"
Gorsuch wrote.
In a 2014 case, Hawker v. Sandy City Corp.,
Gorsuch joined an unsigned 10th Circuit panel
decision holding that a city police officer's "twist
lock" restraint of the arms of a 9-year-old student suspected of stealing an iPad at school did
not constitute excessive force.
The panel agreed with a federal district court
that the officer, who was called to the school
after the student was caught by the principal
with the stolen iPad, used the twist-lock only
after the student had grabbed her arm.
"The facts in this case are unfortunate in all
respects," the 10th Circuit panel opinion said.
"It is regrettable that a police officer feels a
need to resort to physical force, handcuffs, and
arrest in order to gain control of and reason
with a 9-year-old child. Equally regrettable is

the disrespectful, obdurate, and combative behavior of that 9-year-old child. In any event,
given [the student's] resistance, [the officer's]
actions in this case simply do not rise to the
level of a constitutional violation."

Special Education
In yet another case about constraining a
student, this time in special education, Gorsuch joined a unanimous panel decision in
2013 that held a school district's use of a
"timeout room" to briefly restrain an elementary school student with developmental disabilities did not "shock the conscience" and
thus did not violate the student's constitutional rights.
The case of Muskrat v. Deer Creek Public Schools involved an Oklahoma family's
claims about the use of the timeout room for
their child, who was between ages 5 and 10
when it was used.
In a more typical special education case,
Gorsuch wrote the opinion for a unanimous
three-judge panel in 2008 that ruled against
a family seeking reimbursement for the
placement of a child with autism in a priPAGE 19 >

Big Stakes for Education Aid as Federal Budget Process Gears Up
By Andrew Ujifusa
Congressional Republicans and
President Donald Trump, aiming to
break years of fiscal gridlock, could
make significant changes to the U.S.
Department of Education's budget-
changes that might include major
cuts. There are conflicting signals
about whether they'll impose big cuts
that hit students in special education,
educators in teacher training, and
other beneficiaries of federal education programs.
Budget sequestration, the mandated caps on spending that have defined the fiscal environment in Washington in recent years, may not make
the headlines it used to. But lawmakers still have to decide if they want
to end that constraint for education
and other domestic programs-and
if so, how those budgets will look for
what's left of fiscal 2017 and for fiscal

2018, which begins Oct. 1.
Dramatic reductions in spending
appear possible. A recent report
from The Hill newspaper indicated
that a 2017 budget blueprint from
the Heritage Foundation, a leading
policy voice on the political right,
could form the basis for the Trump
administration's fiscal 2018 budget.

Conservative Blueprint
That blueprint includes reducing
so-called formula funding in education by 10 percent, or $2.3 billion, for
federal programs like Title I whose
aid is allotted mainly according to
fixed formulas; cutting competitive
and project grant funding under
the Every Student Succeeds Act by
$1.8 billion; and phasing out Head
Start by cutting 10 percent from the
program each year, or $935 million
in the first year. (Head Start, which

serves preschoolers from poor families, is overseen by the Department
of Health and Human Services, not
the Education Department.)
In the current year's budget, Title
I for disadvantaged students is the
largest single piece of federal K-12
spending, at $14.9 billion, followed by
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act state grants, at $11.9 billion.
Although the Heritage budget calls
for a 10 percent cut to formula-funded
education programs, the director of
the think tank's Center for Education
Policy, Lindsey Burke, said it wants to
look at allocating IDEA money differently but isn't calling for cuts in that
aid at this time.
"The very general approach is one
in which we want to restore as much
state and local control of education
as possible," she said. said. "In my
opinion, in order to get to that point,
it requires a stop to what we see as

an education spending spree."
There could also be a fierce competition for a shrinking pie of dollars, not just between education advocates and those fighting for Labor
Department and HHS programs,
but also between advocates of various programs within the Education
Department budget. The Education,
Labor, and HHS departments are
funded through the same congressional budget bills.
Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., the
leader of the appropriations subcommittee in the House of Representatives that funds the Education Department, stressed that he's
still finding out where the Trump
administration stands on key K-12
spending questions, and that much
will be shaped by Trump's priorities. Cole also said an overall reduction in department spending "may
be more likely than not."

However, Cole also offered a measure of support for some of the biggest formula-funded programs at
the Education Department.
"Some of these basic programs
like Title I and IDEA are important
building blocks for a lot of school districts around the country," he said.

Recent Action
The Education Department budget was $68.1 billion for fiscal 2016.
Of that amount, $22.5 billion was
for Pell Grants for higher education;
Title I aid was the second-biggest category. (Because the federal budget is
operating on a continuing resolution
through late April, those fiscal 2016
spending levels have essentially rolled
over into fiscal 2017.)
Last year, when the GOP-controlled
Congress approved spending bills,
PAGE 20 >

EDUCATION WEEK | February 8, 2017 | www.edweek.org | 17


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Education Week - February 8, 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - February 8, 2017

Education Week - February 8, 2017
Fighting to Build Trust in St. Paul
Would a DeVos Victory Earn Diminished Prize for Bruised Winner?
Trump Orders on Immigration Rattle Educators
DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: Ed-Tech Skeptic Finds a New Perspective
News in Brief
Report Roundup
Scientists Playing New Roles In K-12 Learning
Young English-Learners Tackle A Third Language: Math
Feds: States Must Make Case for ACT
Arts, Humanities Endowments Fear Possible Budget Cuts
A New Start for Atlanta’s School Police
As Judge, High Court Pick Faced Range of K-12 Issues
Big Stakes for Education Aid As Federal Budget Process Gears Up
State of the States
DeVos-Backed Company Makes Questionable Claims
DeVos’ Investment Stakes Raise Democratic Concerns
KEVIN KUMASHIRO: Another Wrong Choice for Secretary of Education
DANIEL OSBORN: An Educator’s Ambivalence In Today’s Political Climate
AHNIWAKE ROSE: Let’s Not Forget Our Native Students
Letters
BETH GREEN: A Canadian Example of School Choice
TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
JEANNE ALLEN: Untie Charters’ Bureaucratic Strings
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: Ed-Tech Skeptic Finds a New Perspective
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 2
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 3
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - News in Brief
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - Report Roundup
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - Scientists Playing New Roles In K-12 Learning
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 7
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - Young English-Learners Tackle A Third Language: Math
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - Feds: States Must Make Case for ACT
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - Arts, Humanities Endowments Fear Possible Budget Cuts
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 11
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 12
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - A New Start for Atlanta’s School Police
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 14
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 15
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 16
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - Big Stakes for Education Aid As Federal Budget Process Gears Up
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - State of the States
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 19
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 20
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 21
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - DeVos’ Investment Stakes Raise Democratic Concerns
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 23
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - DANIEL OSBORN: An Educator’s Ambivalence In Today’s Political Climate
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - AHNIWAKE ROSE: Let’s Not Forget Our Native Students
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - BETH GREEN: A Canadian Example of School Choice
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 27
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 29
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 30
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - 31
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - JEANNE ALLEN: Untie Charters’ Bureaucratic Strings
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - CW1
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - CW2
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - CW3
Education Week - February 8, 2017 - CW4
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