Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 22

COMMENTARY

Will Betsy DeVos Divide the
School Choice Movement?

D

By Jeffrey R. Henig
onald Trump's election to be the 45th
president of the United States gives a
huge boost to the movement for school
choice-but may also foreshadow its
undoing.
For 25 years, proponents of school
choice have promoted two mechanisms:
education vouchers and charter schools.
Vouchers, which direct public funds to private schools to
help cover tuition, are the more politically fraught of the
two. Both options provide alternatives to a local public
school, but charter schools are public schools-privately
managed, but authorized by and ultimately accountable to
government agencies. This has given them broader bipartisan appeal than vouchers.
While voucher and charter school proponents have historically been allies linked by providing greater choice, the
political alliance between them might be fraying. The election of Trump, who is a major voucher supporter, provides
an opening that critics of market-based education-critics
who instead advocate for traditional public schools with
effective government oversight-can exploit.
Expanded school choice was one of the few specifics that
President-elect Trump offered during his campaign about
how he would improve U.S. schools. He proposed $20 billion
in federal grants to vastly expand the number of voucher
schools on the condition that states and localities kick in
another $110 billion from their own revenues. Trump fur-

ther signaled his intentions by nominating Betsy DeVos, a
prominent promoter of enhanced parental choice through
both vouchers and charters, to be his secretary of education. The stage seems set for both vouchers and charter
schools to grow, likely at the expense of traditional public
schools.
But voucher proponents have lost national debates about
school choice in the past. President Ronald Reagan twice
failed to get Congress to approve a national voucher law,
and Republicans in Congress couldn't persuade President
George W. Bush to include vouchers in the No Child Left
Behind Act when it was passed in 2001. Many Americans
think vouchers threaten the traditional vision of public
"common schooling" because of their potential to redirect
government dollars to private schools-ones that can be
less racially, ethnically, and economically diverse. Still others worry that vouchers' use for religious schools could lead
to undesirable entanglement between church and state.
Because of this resistance, voucher proponents jumped
on the charter school bandwagon in the early 1990s. Many
aligned themselves with charters-which spread rapidly
during the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations,
as well as that of President Barack Obama-to make inroads for market-based ideas in education and to build a
future political constituency. Charters are supported primarily by public tax revenues and state law typically bars
them from charging tuition or refusing admission based on
family background, school mission, or students' academic
preparation. Yet they also are run by private boards; are
exempt from many regulations that regular public schools

must follow; usually hire non-unionized teachers; and win
funds based on the number of students.
Charter proponents, who believed themselves David
confronting the Goliath of union-backed traditional public
education, welcomed the political and philanthropic support of the pro-voucher forces.
But fault lines underlie the alliance. Many charter supporters are uncomfortable with the pure market rationale
behind vouchers, which trusts that competition among
schools will be enough to ensure the improvement of their
quality. Steve Wilson, the founder and CEO of the New
York City-based Ascend charter network, recently expressed his belief that many charter supporters and founders are "deeply troubled by the idea of vouchers."
"I would venture most charter school founders are liberal
Democrats who are committed to social justice and would
be very troubled by free-market mechanisms," he said.
Instead, many charter supporters value government
oversight, especially given the poor performance and outright corruption of choice systems in some states-including minimally regulated school choice programs like Michigan's, which DeVos fought to protect. And while charter
school leaders celebrate the idea of many small entrepreneurial schools competing with one another, in practice
they often prefer working with large charter management
organizations and urban districts that want to diversify
the portfolio of schools, rather than offer services to millions of voucher families.
On the other side, the pro-voucher Roman Catholic
Church hopes public funding could revive falling enrollments in its parochial schools. The church views tuitionfree charters-especially those that emphasize order and
discipline-as competition.
Charter and voucher advocates have fought the common
enemy of traditional public schools, but they may turn
on one another if Trump and DeVos push to expand the
voucher system. Robert C. Enlow, the president and CEO
of the pro-voucher lobby EdChoice has already called for
expansion of the federally funded voucher program for lowincome families in the District of Columbia. That program

What the Election Actually Reveals About Rural Education

I

n the months between the November election and the inauguration of Presidentelect Donald Trump, it has become clear
to many that something is happening in
this country that the media and pollsters
missed. The post-mortem media coverage of this election has been about lots
of things: racism, xenophobia,
Islamophobia, and political correctness. But this coverage has
also delved into the key issues
missed in the preceding
months: the critical importance of education
and rural America.
Demographic
data from exit
polls indicated
the 2016 electorate was fundamentally different from
those of the
past two

"

Rural public schools
have simply become
engines of exodus."

22 | EDUCATION WEEK | January 18, 2017 | www.edweek.org/go/commentary

decades. Nationwide, rural voters make up
less than 20 percent of the electorate. Yet in
this election, unusually high numbers of white,
working-class rural voters turned out in the
Rust Belt and Midwest, upending Hillary
Clinton's perceived "firewall" of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania in favor of Trump.
Much has been made of the low educational attainment of rural Trump supporters. Many even view it as the source of support for Trump. Education, as a result, has
been touted as the solution to perceptions
of an uninformed citizenry by many who
look to public schooling as the great hope of
our democracy. From their perspective,
education is an opportunity to invite young people to cherish
the values and skills that
will make a democracy
thrive, including an
appreciation of diversity, the

ability to listen, the vocabulary to articulate
one's own viewpoint, and the confidence to
voice one's opinion.
However, we argue the exit polls from the
election implicate education as part of a
problem in our divided country. In short, the
results demonstrate evidence of a country
uninterested in addressing the fundamental
co-optation of schooling in rural America in
the service of the global economy, rather than
in building local capacity and well-being.
When young people in rural places finish
high school, their options are often simple:
stay and work in whatever industry or business is locally available, or leave to pursue
higher education or other types of work. For
generations, when manufacturing supported
entire communities, logging and fishing industries boomed, and family farming dominated the landscape, young people had multiple opportunities to stay in their thriving
rural communities. Students who were able

Getty

By Catharine Biddle
& Daniella Hall



Education Week - January 18, 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - January 18, 2017

Education Week - January 18, 2017
States Pencil In Ambitious New ESSA Timelines
Schools Named for the Obamas Mirror Race, Class Divides
Ed. Dept. Facing Culture Shift Under Trump
Fee Hikes on AP Tests Hitting Poor Students
Uncertain Future Seen For Key Federal Studies
News in Brief
Report Roundup
School Systems Confront Shortages of Substitute Teachers
‘Nature Preschools’ Spread Like Weeds
DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: Trump’s Anti-Immigration Rhetoric Fuels Data Concerns
Incident Highlights Bullying Risks for Those With Disabilities
Special Education Case Argued at High Court
State of the States
JEFFREY R. HENIG: Will Betsy DeVos Divide the School Choice Movement?
CATHARINE BIDDLE & DANIELLA HAL: What the Election Actually Reveals About Rural Education
Letters
Policy Suggestions For the New Administration: CATHERINE BROWN: Work Across the Aisle JONATHAN BUTCHER: Empower States MATT GANDAL: Expand Opportunity JACK JENNINGS: Don’t Privatize Education KIMBERLY JENKINS ROBINSON: Make School Choice Fair
Policy Suggestions For the New Administration: CATHERINE BROWN: Work Across the Aisle JONATHAN BUTCHER: Empower States MATT GANDAL: Expand Opportunity JACK JENNINGS: Don’t Privatize Education KIMBERLY JENKINS ROBINSON: Make School Choice Fair
TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
JOHN B. KING JR.: A Dispatch From the Outgoing Education Secretary
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Uncertain Future Seen For Key Federal Studies
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 2
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 3
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - News in Brief
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Report Roundup
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - School Systems Confront Shortages of Substitute Teachers
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - ‘Nature Preschools’ Spread Like Weeds
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: Trump’s Anti-Immigration Rhetoric Fuels Data Concerns
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 9
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 10
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 11
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 12
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 13
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Special Education Case Argued at High Court
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - State of the States
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 16
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 17
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 18
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 19
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 20
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 21
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CATHARINE BIDDLE & DANIELLA HAL: What the Election Actually Reveals About Rural Education
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Letters
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Policy Suggestions For the New Administration: CATHERINE BROWN: Work Across the Aisle JONATHAN BUTCHER: Empower States MATT GANDAL: Expand Opportunity JACK JENNINGS: Don’t Privatize Education KIMBERLY JENKINS ROBINSON: Make School Choice Fair
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Policy Suggestions For the New Administration: CATHERINE BROWN: Work Across the Aisle JONATHAN BUTCHER: Empower States MATT GANDAL: Expand Opportunity JACK JENNINGS: Don’t Privatize Education KIMBERLY JENKINS ROBINSON: Make School Choice Fair
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 27
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - JOHN B. KING JR.: A Dispatch From the Outgoing Education Secretary
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CT1
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CT2
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CT3
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CT4
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03202024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03132024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03062024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02212024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02142024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02072024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01312024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01242024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01172024
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12132023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11152023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11012023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10252023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10112023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10042023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09272023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09202023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09132023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08302023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08282023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08142023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07122023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06142023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06072023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05312023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05172023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05102023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05032023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04262023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04052023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03292023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03222023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03152023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03082023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03012023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02222023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02152023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02082023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02012023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01252023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01182023
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12142022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12072022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11302022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11232022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11162022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11022022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10262022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10192022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10122022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10052022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09282022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09212022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09142022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04242013_unprotected
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08072013_old
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08172016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09072022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08312022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08242022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08172022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07132022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06152022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06082022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06012022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05112022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05042022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04272022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04132022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04062022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03302022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03232022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03162022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03092022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03022022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02232022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02162022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02092022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02022022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01192022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01122022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01052022
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12082021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12012021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11242021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11172021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11032021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10272021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10202021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10112021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10062021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09292021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09222021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09152021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09082021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09012021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08252021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08182021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07142021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06162021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06092021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06022021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04282021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05122021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05052021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04212021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04142021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03312021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03242021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03172021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03102021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03032021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02242021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02172021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02102021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02032021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01202021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01132021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01062021
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12092020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12022020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11252020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11182020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11042020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10282020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10212020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10142020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10072020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09302020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09232020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09162020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09092020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09022020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08262020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08192020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07152020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06172020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06102020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06042020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06032020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05132020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05062020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04292020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04082020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04012020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03252020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03182020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03112020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03042020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02262020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02192020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02122020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02052020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01222020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01152020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01082020
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12112019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12042019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11272019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11132019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11062019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10302019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10232019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10162019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10092019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10022019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09252019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09182019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09112019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09042019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08282019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08212019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07172019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06192019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06122019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06032019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05152019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05082019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05012019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04242019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04172019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04102019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04032019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03202019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03132019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03062019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02272019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02202019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02132019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02062019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01232019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01162019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01092019
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12122018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12052018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11282018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11142018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11072018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10312018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10242018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10172018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10102018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10032018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09262018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09192018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09122018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09052018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08292018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08222018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07182018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06202018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06132018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06062018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05302018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05232018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05162018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05092018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05022018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04252018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04182018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04112018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04042018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03212018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03072018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_03072018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02282018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02212018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02142018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02072018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01242018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01172018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01102018
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12132017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11292017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11152017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11082017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11012017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10252017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10182017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10112017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10042017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09272017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09202017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09132017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09062017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08302017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08232017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07192017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06212017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06142017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06072017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05312017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05242017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05172017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05102017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04262017specialreport
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04262017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04192017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04052017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03292017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03222017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03082017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03012017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02222017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02152017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02082017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01252017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01252017specialreport
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01182017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01042017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12142016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12142016v2
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11302016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11162016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11092016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11022016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10262016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10192016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10122016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10052016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09282016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09212016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09142016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09072016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08312016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08242016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08032016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08032016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07202016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01112017
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06082016
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/tc_06092016
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/dc_06022016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06012016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05182016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_05112016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05112016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04272016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04202016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04132016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03302016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_03302016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03232016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03162016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03092016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02242016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_02242016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02172016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02102016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_01272016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01272016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01202016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_01132016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01132016
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/qc_01072016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01062016
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12092015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12022015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_11112015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11112015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11042015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10282015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10212015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_10212015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10142015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10072015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09302015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_09302015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09232015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09162015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09092015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08262015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08192015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08052015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07082015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06102015
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/tc_06112015
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/dc_06042015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06032015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05202015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_05132015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05132015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05062015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04222015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_04152015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04152015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04012015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03252015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_03182015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03182015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03042015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02252015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_02252015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_02182015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02182015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02042015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01282015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01212015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_01212015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01142015
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/qc_01082015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01072015
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12102014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12032014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11122014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_11122014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11052014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10292014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10222014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_10222014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10152014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10082014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_10012014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10012014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09242014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09172014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09102014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08272014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08202014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_08202014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08062014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07092014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06112014_v2
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06112014
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/dc_06052014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06042014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05212014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05142014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05072014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_04232014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04232014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04162014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04022014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03262014
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/tc_20140313
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03122014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_03052014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03052014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02262014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_02192014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02192014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01292014_v2
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02052014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01292014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01222014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01152014
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/qc_01092014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01082014
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12112013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12042013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11132013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11062013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_10302013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10302013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10232013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10162013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10092013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_10022013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10022013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09252013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09182013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09112013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08282013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_08212013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08212013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08072013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_07102013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06122013
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/dc_06062013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_06052013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_05222013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05222013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05152013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_05082013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_04242013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04242013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04172013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_04032013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03272013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03132013
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/tc_20130314
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_03062013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02272013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_02202013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02202013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_02062013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_02062013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01302013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01232013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01162013
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/qc_01102013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_01092013
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12122012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_12052012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_11142012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11142012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_11072012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10312012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_10242012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10242012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10172012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10102012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_10032012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09262012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09192012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_09122012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08292012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_08222012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_08222012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_20120829
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_sr_08292012
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_20120822_v2
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_20120822
https://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/ew_test
http://ew.edweek.org/nxtbooks/epe/diplomascount_2012issue34
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com