Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 19

STEERING THE SHIP

Tom Williams/CQ Roll Call via AP-File

President-elect Donald Trump has tapped Betsy DeVos as
education secretary, but some other appointed positions in the
U.S. Department of Education also carry significant weight in
setting the policy course for the next four years. Here's a look at
some of the current positions and their responsibilities, though
Trump could refashion the organizational chart.

While no stranger to politics,
Betsy DeVos, nominee for U.S.
secretary of education, has
never worked professionally
at a federal agency, on Capitol
Hill, or in public schools.

"

I think once people
face the realities
of what it means
to govern, as
opposed to
campaign, there'll
be a greater
appreciation
of federal
bureaucrats."
JIM KOHLMOOS
Edge Consulting

political appointees came in with an
"instinctive distrust" of the career
staff. "But you had to prove yourself,"
he added.
The department also has had the
second-highest ratio of career staffto-political appointees of 28 Cabinet
departments and major independent
agencies, according to Mann, who examined 2004 data from The Politics
of Presidential Appointments, written by David Lewis and published
in 2008.
And it's unclear how many of
those political appointees will have
a strong connection to education.
The department has had a reputation as a corner of the federal government for presidents to "stick
campaign staff and other people who
helped you get elected," said Michael
Petrilli, who served in the George W.
Bush administration.
Those appointees can gum up the
works, added Petrilli, who is now the
president of the Thomas B. Fordham
Institute, a think tank.
"These people are looking for
things to do, so they end up getting
involved in the day-to-day affairs of
the agency," he said. "That just slows
everything down."
But Jim Kohlmoos, who served as
a deputy assistant secretary in the
department under President Bill
Clinton, said he liked having such
a big team of political hands-it
meant more capacity.

Bureaucratic Crackdown?
Members of the new administration-and the Republican-controlled Congress-have signaled
that Trump may handle the federal
workforce differently from recent
presidents.
Trump said during the campaign
that he wants a hiring freeze at
most agencies. Republican lawmakers, including Rep. Jason Chaffetz
of Utah, who chairs the House
committee that deals with government oversight, have indicated they
want to make it easier to fire poor
performers.
The House of Representatives also
recently revived the so-called "Holman rule," developed in 1876 and
named for an Indiana congressman.
It can give individual lawmakers the
power to make changes to spending

bills that cut specific agencies or programs, and even target a particular
employee's salary.
The situation reminds Corwin of
the start of Ronald Reagan's presidency in 1981, when the Education
Department was brand-new.
"Reagan was the scariest [transition] because he had pledged to
get rid of the department and was
bringing in people who weren't
favorable to the mission of the
agency," said Corwin, who served
under every president from Reagan to Obama in his decades at the
department. "There was a lot of apprehension."
In the weeks after the 2016 election, there were concerns that
Trump's ascendence to the White
House could kick off a succession
of retirements at the department-
and with them, a loss of institutional knowledge. But that hasn't
happened, at least not yet, said Corwin, who is now a senior adviser at
the Penn Hill Group, a Washington
lobbying firm.
"I haven't been invited to any retirement parties," he joked.
A bigger worry: If the federal government, including the Education
Department, becomes a less attractive place to work, it could turn off
younger employees who might otherwise become the next generation
of senior civil servants.
"Scaring off young people who are
committed to public service could be
devastating," Hudak said.
Even if there isn't a spate of departures or retirements, Trump's "drain
the swamp" rhetoric could worsen
tensions at the department between
political appointees and the career
staff that serves under them.
But Kohlmoos said he expects
that, once they take office, members of the Trump team may see the
value in the civil servants.
"I think once people face the realities of what it means to govern, as
opposed to campaign, there'll be a
greater appreciation of federal bureaucrats," said Kohlmoos, who is
now a principal at EDGE Consulting, which works on education issues
and is based in Arlington, Va. By the
end of the Clinton administration,
he said, "you'd be in a meeting and
you couldn't tell who was political
and who was career."

SECRETARY OF EDUCATION

DEPUTY SECRETARY

UNDER SECRETARY

No. 2 job at the
department.
Oversees the office
of management, the
general counsel's office,
and generally focuses
on K-12 program
implementation.

No. 3 job at the
department. Oversees
higher education.

ASSISTANT
SECRETARY FOR
CIVIL RIGHTS

ASSISTANT
SECRETARY FOR
ELEMENTARY
AND SECONDARY
EDUCATION

Sets policy dealing
with student
discrimination,
and investigates
post-secondary
institutions and school
districts that have
triggered civil rights
complaints.

CHIEF
OF STAFF
Typically
a top aide
to the
secretary.

Principal office
overseeing
K-12 policy and
implementation.

Personnel,
By the Numbers

Political Appointees:
Career Staff Positions:

150
4,000

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education

EDUCATION WEEK | January 18, 2017 | www.edweek.org | 19


http://www.edweek.org

Education Week - January 18, 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Education Week - January 18, 2017

Education Week - January 18, 2017
States Pencil In Ambitious New ESSA Timelines
Schools Named for the Obamas Mirror Race, Class Divides
Ed. Dept. Facing Culture Shift Under Trump
Fee Hikes on AP Tests Hitting Poor Students
Uncertain Future Seen For Key Federal Studies
News in Brief
Report Roundup
School Systems Confront Shortages of Substitute Teachers
‘Nature Preschools’ Spread Like Weeds
DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: Trump’s Anti-Immigration Rhetoric Fuels Data Concerns
Incident Highlights Bullying Risks for Those With Disabilities
Special Education Case Argued at High Court
State of the States
JEFFREY R. HENIG: Will Betsy DeVos Divide the School Choice Movement?
CATHARINE BIDDLE & DANIELLA HAL: What the Election Actually Reveals About Rural Education
Letters
Policy Suggestions For the New Administration: CATHERINE BROWN: Work Across the Aisle JONATHAN BUTCHER: Empower States MATT GANDAL: Expand Opportunity JACK JENNINGS: Don’t Privatize Education KIMBERLY JENKINS ROBINSON: Make School Choice Fair
Policy Suggestions For the New Administration: CATHERINE BROWN: Work Across the Aisle JONATHAN BUTCHER: Empower States MATT GANDAL: Expand Opportunity JACK JENNINGS: Don’t Privatize Education KIMBERLY JENKINS ROBINSON: Make School Choice Fair
TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
JOHN B. KING JR.: A Dispatch From the Outgoing Education Secretary
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Uncertain Future Seen For Key Federal Studies
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 2
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 3
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - News in Brief
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Report Roundup
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - School Systems Confront Shortages of Substitute Teachers
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - ‘Nature Preschools’ Spread Like Weeds
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - DIGITAL DIRECTIONS: Trump’s Anti-Immigration Rhetoric Fuels Data Concerns
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 9
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 10
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 11
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 12
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 13
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Special Education Case Argued at High Court
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - State of the States
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 16
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 17
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 18
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 19
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 20
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 21
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CATHARINE BIDDLE & DANIELLA HAL: What the Election Actually Reveals About Rural Education
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Letters
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Policy Suggestions For the New Administration: CATHERINE BROWN: Work Across the Aisle JONATHAN BUTCHER: Empower States MATT GANDAL: Expand Opportunity JACK JENNINGS: Don’t Privatize Education KIMBERLY JENKINS ROBINSON: Make School Choice Fair
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - Policy Suggestions For the New Administration: CATHERINE BROWN: Work Across the Aisle JONATHAN BUTCHER: Empower States MATT GANDAL: Expand Opportunity JACK JENNINGS: Don’t Privatize Education KIMBERLY JENKINS ROBINSON: Make School Choice Fair
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - TopSchoolJobs Recruitment Marketplace
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - 27
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - JOHN B. KING JR.: A Dispatch From the Outgoing Education Secretary
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CT1
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CT2
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CT3
Education Week - January 18, 2017 - CT4
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